FAADE CASE STUDY | PADDINGTON SQUARE building management system (BMS) for their operation, with an override option for occupiers. The external brise soleil provide additional solar shading. Notches located at the corners of the building, where the primary steel structure penetrates the faade and becomes apparent, are a distinctive architectural feature. This detail introduced concerns about weathertightness and cold bridges that were dealt with within the design. The external penetrating steel is either thermally broken with low thermal conductivity and high compressivestrength Farrat structural thermal breaks or externally insulated to maintain thermal performance and prevent internal Notches where the primary steel structure penetrates the faade are a distinctive architectural feature PROJECT INNOVATIONS RealWear technology Working with several international teams during the global pandemic brought significant challenges for construction and product reviews, as international travel was prohibited. Advancements in technology were critical to keeping the project on track. RealWear camera technology was used to relay images during real-time visual mock-up inspections. Using this technology had multiple benefits, including reducing the carbon emissions of this phase of the project significantly by minimising the need for travel and transportation of mock-ups and samples. It enabled more people from the whole stakeholder group to attend reviews, which accelerated decision-making. Cruciform 3D printing condensation. The steels cladding including penetrations was established using Centre for Window and Cladding Technology Standard Sequence B a dynamic test. Slender faade profiles are achieved with Vierendeel mullions, while the cantilevered wing wall is created by using reinforced aluminium extrusions and structurally bonded glass. The unitised faade was designed so that it wraps around the penetrating steel, with most components manufactured offsite to keep site operations to a minimum and to enhance weather performance. The three-storey stick faade comprises slender Vierendeel mullions with 4.6m-tall insulated, low-iron glass units for increased transparency into the retail space. The mullions are designed to work mostly under tension. By carefully selecting the mullions support either hung or dead-loaded to vary the load paths the faade accommodates significant structural movements. Overclad with CNC-machined travertine to create a striking feature, the faade of the standalone pavilion comprises two-storey Vierendeel mullions projecting forward from the faade line. This faade comprises an insulated rainscreen construction. The 3D printing and cruciform assembly allowed the design team and subcontractor to fine-tune the design and improve buildability long before the actual aluminium extrusions were produced, thereby cutting risk to the programme. It was possible for the cruciform to be finished to the specified colour and incorporate the selected glass buildup and coatings, providing a true appearance for more accurate reviews that resulted in accelerated decision-making. Extended table for launching 5 linear metre units Some of the faade elements are larger than typical unitised faade sizes and required bespoke installation machinery that was developed specifically for the project. Prefabrication Prefabrication was pursued wherever possible to minimise work at height, reduce site activity durations, and increase efficiency and overall quality. For example, the scenic lift pulley-room enclosures, which weigh approximately 1.5 tonnes, were preassembled offsite onto a metal skeleton that incorporated the cladding, roofing and abseilers lifting eyes before being transported to site and erected as complete units. A number of balconies are preassembled and lifted into place as complete elements to reduce site activities and external access. A 3D-printed cruciform sample 32 February 2023 www.cibsejournal.com Launch table for unitised faade installation Stick faade at Level 17 restaurant (courtesy of Hufton+Crow)